Willingness and ability to pay for unexpected dental expenses by Finnish adults
Identifieur interne : 002E83 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002E82; suivant : 002E84Willingness and ability to pay for unexpected dental expenses by Finnish adults
Auteurs : Eeva Widström [Finlande, Norvège] ; Timo Sepp L [Finlande]Source :
- BMC Oral Health [ 1472-6831 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Since 2002, adults have been able to choose oral health care services in the public sector or in the private sector in Finland. Though various subsidies for care exist in both sectors, the Public Dental Service (PDS) is a cheaper option for the patient but, on the other hand, there are no waiting lists for private care. The aim of this study was to assess middle-aged adults' use of dental services, willingness to pay (WTP) and ability to pay (ATP) for unexpected, urgent dental treatment.
Postal questionnaires on use of dental services were sent to a random sample of 1500 47-59 year old adults living in three large municipalities in the Helsinki region. The initial response rate was 65.8%. Two hypothetical scenarios were presented: "What would be the highest price you would be prepared to pay to have a lost filling replaced immediately, or, at the latest, the day after losing the filling?" and " How much could you pay for unexpected dental expenses at two weeks notice, if you suddenly needed more comprehensive treatment?" Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse factors related to WTP and ATP.
Most respondents (89.6%) had visited a dentist recently and a majority (76.1%) had used private services. For immediate replacement of a lost filling, almost all respondents (93.2%) were willing to pay the lower price charged in the PDS and 46.2% were willing to pay the private fee. High income and no subjective need for dental treatment were positively associated with the probability of paying a higher price. Most respondents (93.0%) were able to pay a low fee, EUR 50 and almost half (41.6%) at least EUR 300 for unexpected treatment at short notice. High income and male sex were associated with high ATP.
There was a strong and statistically significant relationship between income and WTP and ATP for urgent dental care, indicating that access to publicly provided services improved equity for persons with low income.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-12-35
PubMed: 22935077
PubMed Central: 3497879
Affiliations:
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Box 30, Helsinki, 00271</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00271</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Tromso, Tromso</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tromso</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sepp L, Timo" sort="Sepp L, Timo" uniqKey="Sepp L T" first="Timo" last="Sepp L">Timo Sepp L</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00271</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Government Institute for Economic Research (VATT), Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Government Institute for Economic Research (VATT), Helsinki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22935077</idno><idno type="pmc">3497879</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497879</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3497879</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/1472-6831-12-35</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002174</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002174</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002174</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002174</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001C02</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001C02</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">004085</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">004085</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">004085</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002E98</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">002E83</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">002E83</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Willingness and ability to pay for unexpected dental expenses by Finnish adults</title><author><name sortKey="Widstrom, Eeva" sort="Widstrom, Eeva" uniqKey="Widstrom E" first="Eeva" last="Widström">Eeva Widström</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00271</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Tromso, Tromso</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tromso</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sepp L, Timo" sort="Sepp L, Timo" uniqKey="Sepp L T" first="Timo" last="Sepp L">Timo Sepp L</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00271</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Government Institute for Economic Research (VATT), Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Government Institute for Economic Research (VATT), Helsinki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Oral Health</title><idno type="eISSN">1472-6831</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Since 2002, adults have been able to choose oral health care services in the public sector or in the private sector in Finland. Though various subsidies for care exist in both sectors, the Public Dental Service (PDS) is a cheaper option for the patient but, on the other hand, there are no waiting lists for private care. The aim of this study was to assess middle-aged adults' use of dental services, willingness to pay (WTP) and ability to pay (ATP) for unexpected, urgent dental treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Postal questionnaires on use of dental services were sent to a random sample of 1500 47-59 year old adults living in three large municipalities in the Helsinki region. The initial response rate was 65.8%. Two hypothetical scenarios were presented: "What would be the highest price you would be prepared to pay to have a lost filling replaced immediately, or, at the latest, the day after losing the filling?" and " How much could you pay for unexpected dental expenses at two weeks notice, if you suddenly needed more comprehensive treatment?" Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse factors related to WTP and ATP.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Most respondents (89.6%) had visited a dentist recently and a majority (76.1%) had used private services. For immediate replacement of a lost filling, almost all respondents (93.2%) were willing to pay the lower price charged in the PDS and 46.2% were willing to pay the private fee. High income and no subjective need for dental treatment were positively associated with the probability of paying a higher price. Most respondents (93.0%) were able to pay a low fee, EUR 50 and almost half (41.6%) at least EUR 300 for unexpected treatment at short notice. High income and male sex were associated with high ATP.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>There was a strong and statistically significant relationship between income and WTP and ATP for urgent dental care, indicating that access to publicly provided services improved equity for persons with low income.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Widstrom, E" uniqKey="Widstrom E">E Widström</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eaton, K" uniqKey="Eaton K">K Eaton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Birch, S" uniqKey="Birch S">S Birch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, R" uniqKey="Anderson R">R Anderson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chapin, R" uniqKey="Chapin R">R Chapin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Niiranen, T" uniqKey="Niiranen T">T Niiranen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Widstrom, E" uniqKey="Widstrom E">E Widström</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niskanen, T" uniqKey="Niskanen T">T Niskanen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Widstrom, E" uniqKey="Widstrom E">E Widström</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mikkola, H" uniqKey="Mikkola H">H Mikkola</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Klose, T" uniqKey="Klose T">T Klose</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dolan, P" uniqKey="Dolan P">P Dolan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olsen, Ja" uniqKey="Olsen J">JA Olsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menzel, P" uniqKey="Menzel P">P Menzel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richardson, J" uniqKey="Richardson J">J Richardson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nihtil, A" uniqKey="Nihtil A">A Nihtilä</name></author><author><name sortKey="Widstrom, E" uniqKey="Widstrom E">E Widström</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Widstrom, E" uniqKey="Widstrom E">E Widström</name></author><author><name sortKey="V Is Nen, A" uniqKey="V Is Nen A">A Väisänen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mikkola, H" uniqKey="Mikkola H">H Mikkola</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Turunen, S" uniqKey="Turunen S">S Turunen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Widstrom, E" uniqKey="Widstrom E">E Widström</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Helkamaa, T" uniqKey="Helkamaa T">T Helkamaa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Turunen, S" uniqKey="Turunen S">S Turunen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Widstrom, E" uniqKey="Widstrom E">E Widström</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Matthews, Dc" uniqKey="Matthews D">DC Matthews</name></author><author><name sortKey="Birch, S" uniqKey="Birch S">S Birch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gafni, A" uniqKey="Gafni A">A Gafni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dicenso, A" uniqKey="Dicenso A">A DiCenso</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamaki, Y" uniqKey="Tamaki Y">Y Tamaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nomura, Y" uniqKey="Nomura Y">Y Nomura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Teraoka, K" uniqKey="Teraoka K">K Teraoka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nishikahara, F" uniqKey="Nishikahara F">F Nishikahara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Motegi, M" uniqKey="Motegi M">M Motegi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsurumoto, A" uniqKey="Tsurumoto A">A Tsurumoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hanada, N" uniqKey="Hanada N">N Hanada</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leung, Kc" uniqKey="Leung K">KC Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgrath, Cp" uniqKey="Mcgrath C">CP McGrath</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cookson, R" uniqKey="Cookson R">R Cookson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Finlande</li><li>Norvège</li></country></list><tree><country name="Finlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Widstrom, Eeva" sort="Widstrom, Eeva" uniqKey="Widstrom E" first="Eeva" last="Widström">Eeva Widström</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Sepp L, Timo" sort="Sepp L, Timo" uniqKey="Sepp L T" first="Timo" last="Sepp L">Timo Sepp L</name><name sortKey="Sepp L, Timo" sort="Sepp L, Timo" uniqKey="Sepp L T" first="Timo" last="Sepp L">Timo Sepp L</name></country><country name="Norvège"><noRegion><name sortKey="Widstrom, Eeva" sort="Widstrom, Eeva" uniqKey="Widstrom E" first="Eeva" last="Widström">Eeva Widström</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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